1992 Important scientific publications:
Theo Colborn and Coralie Clement, eds. Chemically-Induced Alterations in Sexual and Functional Development: The Wildlife/Human Connection (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Scientific Publishing Co., 1992).
Nonneman DJ, Ganjam VK, Welshons WV, Vom Saal FS. Intrauterine position effects on steroid metabolism and steroid receptors of reproductive organs in male mice. Biol Reprod. 1992 Nov;47(5):723-9.
Dr. Howard Bern: “Extrapolating from what is known about the developmental effects of other weak estrogens, there should be concern about DES-like role these environmental estrogens could play if ingested (or inhaled) extensively by mothers during a critical period of development of their offspring in utero.”
Bern HA. The development of the role of hormones in development–a double remembrance. Endocrinology. 1992 Nov;131(5):2037-8.
First publication showing a decrease in sperm quality over time:
Carlsen E, .A. Giwercman,N. Keiding and N.Skakkebaek. Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. BMJ. 1992.
AhR and TCDD: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) that binds to TCDD surprised everyone by not being a member of the steroid superfamily.
Burbach KM, Poland A, Bradfield CA. Cloning of the Ah-receptor cDNA reveals a distinctive ligand-activated transcription factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 1;89(17):8185-9.
A series of studies showing developmental harm from dioxin from Dr. Richard Peterson’s laboratory. They showed that a single maternal oral exposure to 1 µg/kg BW dioxin on gestation day 15 in rats caused multiple adverse effects later in life in male offspring.
Mably TA, Moore RW, Peterson RE. In utero and lactational exposure of male rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 1. Effects on androgenic status. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1992 May;114(1):97-107.
Mably TA, Moore RW, Goy RW, Peterson RE. In utero and lactational exposure of male rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 2. Effects on sexual behavior and the regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion in adulthood. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1992 May;114(1):108-17.
Mably TA, Bjerke DL, Moore RW, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A, Peterson RE. In utero and lactational exposure of male rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 3. Effects on spermatogenesis and reproductive capability. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1992 May;114(1):118-26.
1993 Spreading the word
Dr. Lou Guillette Jr. tells the U.S. Congress, “Every man sitting in this room today is half the man his grandfather was, and the question is, are our children going to be half the men we are?”
Assault on the Male, BBC documentary discussing the possible link between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and reproductive problems observed in both wildlife and humans worldwide.
Chlorine Chemistry Council formed by the Chemical Manufacturers Association to promote the industry’s agenda in the debate over regulating chlorine production.
BPA found to leach from laboratory flasks
Krishnan AV, Stathis P, Permuth SF, Tokes L, Feldman D. Bisphenol-A: an estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during autoclaving. Endocrinology. 1993 Jun;132(6):2279-86.
Developmental effects of EDCs reviewed by Drs. Theo Colburn, Fred vom Saal, and Ana Soto.
Colborn T, vom Saal FS, Soto AM. Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Oct;101(5):378-84.